In 1708, the road was referred to as Tyburn Road. Over time, it transformed into a continuous line of street and was first called Oxford Street. The transformation of Oxford Street into a prominent thoroughfare is attributed to Edward Harley, the 2nd Earl of Oxford, who bought the surrounding land in the 18th century. Harley developed the area into a residential district, and the street was subsequently renamed in his honor.
During the 1780s, as affluent Londoners began migrating to the newly developed West End, Oxford Street gradually replaced Cheapside as the city’s primary shopping street. By the 1820s, Oxford Street was renowned for its wide range of shops. Linen drapers and haberdashers began to dominate the northern side of the street, marking a shift in its commercial landscape. Notable businesses like Dickins and Smith, which opened at 54 Oxford Street in 1790 under the sign of the Golden Lion, and Peter Robinson's linen-drapers shop at 103 Oxford Street, established in 1833, set the tone for the street's retail character.
Despite facing numerous recessions and enduring high rents, Oxford Street has remained one of the world’s most profitable retail districts. Its appeal lies not only in its history but also in the quality and variety of its shopping experiences. The street is home to several prestigious department stores, including the flagship store of Marks and Spencer, Selfridges, John Lewis, and Debenhams. These stores contribute to Oxford Street's reputation as a premier shopping destination, attracting millions of visitors annually.
Oxford Street's evolution from an old road linking Hampshire with Colchester to a globally renowned shopping destination underscores its significance in London's commercial and cultural history. Its ability to adapt and thrive through changing times speaks to its enduring appeal and economic vitality.
The Evolution of Oxford Street: From Historic Highway to Premier Shopping Destination
